Fruit Quality of Guava (Psidium guajava ‘Kristal’) under Different Fruit Bagging Treatments and Altitudes of Growing Location
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.9.01.8-14Keywords:
land altitude, fruit quality, total soluble solids, titratable acid, vitamin CAbstract
Fruit quality is an important aspect that requires attention and more study when it comes to commercializing tropical fruits, including guava ‘Kristal’. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of bagging treatment and altitude of growing orchard on fruit quality of guava (Psidium guajava var. ‘Kristal’). This study was conducted at two local orchards managed by small-scale farmers, at Gunung Batu (1000 meters above sea level, m asl) and Brajaselebah (25 m asl), Lampung Province, Indonesia. A nested design was applied to test 5 types of bagging treatments and 2 levels of land altitude. Fruit quality was assessed by measuring both physical and chemical characteristics. Fruit size indicated by fruit weight and diameter was significantly larger in lowland compared to highland. The total soluble solids (TSS) were significantly higher in the lowland compared to the highland, while titratable acid (TA) showed an opposite result. Vitamin C of the fruits varied from140 to 146 mg per 100 g. Different types of fruit bagging and land altitudes did not affect the physical and chemical characteristics of “Kristal” guava fruits. Fruit scar intensity was higher in lowland, especially in fruit without bagging. Fruit bagging is highly recommended for farmers due to the success of this treatment to reduce fruit scar intensity, thus resulting in good fruit quality, irrespective of the growing locations.
References
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Budiarto, R., Poerwanto, R., Santosa, E., and Efendi, D. (2018). Shoot manipulations improve flushing and flowering of mandarin citrus in Indonesia. Journal of Applied Horticulture 20, 112-118. DOI: 10.37855/jah.2018.v20i02.20
Bagle, B.G. (2011). Studies on varietal reaction, extent of damage and management of anar butterfly, Deudorix (=Virachola) isocrates Fab., in pomegranate. Acta Horticulturae 890, 557-559
Campbell, D., Sarkhosh, A., Brecht, J.K., Gillett-Kaufman, J.L., Liburd, O., Melgar, J. and Treadwell, D. (2021). Bagging organic peaches reduces physical injuries and storage decay with minimal effects on fruit quality. HortScience 56, 52-58. DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI15391-20.
Debnath, S. and Mitra, S.K. (2008). Panicle bagging for maturity regulation, quality improvement and fruit borer management in litchi (Litchi chinensis). Acta Horticulturae 773, 201-208
Dolkar, D., Bakshi, P., Gupta, M., Wali, V.K., Kumar, R., Hazarika, T.K. and Kher, D. (2017). Biochemical changes in guava (Psidium guajava) fruits during different stages of ripening. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science 87, 257-260
Efendi, D., Budiarto, R., Poerwanto, R., Santosa, S. and Agusta, A. (2021). Relationship among agroclimatic variables, soil and leaves nutrient status with the yield and main composition of kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC) leaves essential oil. Metabolites 11, 1-14. DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050260
Frank, D. (2018). Evaluation of fruit bagging as a pest management option for direct pests of apple. Insects 9, 1-12. DOI: 10.3390/insects9040178
Gull, J., Sulfana, B., Anwar, F., Naseer, R., Ashraf, M. and Ashrafuzzaman, M. (2012). Variation in antioxidant attributes at three ripening stages of guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit from different geographical regions of Pakistan. Molecules 17, 3165-3180. DOI: 10.3390/molecules17033165
Jain, N., Dhawan, K., Malhotra, S. and Singh, R. (2003) Biochemistry of fruit ripening of guava (Psidium guajava L.): compositional and enzymatic changes. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 58, 309-315. DOI:10.1023/B:QUAL.0000040285.50062.4b
Jing, L., Youhong, C., Zhimei, Y. and Xiaogang, L. (2008). Effects of bagging on the quality of pear fruit and pesticide residues. Acta Horticulturae 772, 315-318.
Kalsum, U., Susanto, S. and Junaedi, A. (2015). Quality improvement of pummelo (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.) using leaf-to-fruit ratio arrangement and fruit bagging. American Journal of Plant Physiology 10, 68-76. DOI: 10.3923/ajpp.2015.68.76
Kim, Y.H., Kim, H.H., Youn, C.K., Kweon, S.J., Jung, H.J. and Lee, C.H. (2008). Effects of bagging material on fruit coloration and quality of ‘janghowon hwangdo’ peach. Acta Horticulturae 772, 81-86. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2008.772.9
Ko, Y., Liu, C.W., Chen, S.S., Yao, C.Y., Maruthasalam, S. and Lin, C.H. (2010). First report of downy mildew caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis on chayote (Sechium edule) in Taiwan. Plant Disease 94, 481-484
Lee, S.K. and Kader, A.A. (2000). Preharvest and postharvest factors influencing vitamin C content of horticultural crops. Postharvest Biology and Technology 20, 207-220. DOI: 10.1016/S0925-5214(00)00133-2
Listiana, I., Mutolib, A., Bursan, R., Yanfika, H., Widyastuti, R.A.D. and Rahmat, A. (2021). Institutional strengthening of farmer group to support sustainable agriculture and food security in Pesawaran regency. Journal of Physics Conference Series 1796, 012028. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1796/1/012028
Macan, A.M., Kraljevic, T.G. and Raic-Malic, S. (2019). Therapeutic perspective of vitamin c and its derivatives. Antioxidants 8, 1-36. DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080247
Morera-Montoya, R., Blanco-Metzler, H. and Luis-Loria, C. (2010). evaluation of different bagging materials for the control of the fruit fly Anastrepha sp. (Diptera:Tephritidae) and fruit pathogens in Taiwanese guava fruits (Psidium guajava L.). Acta Horticulturae 849, 283-292. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2010.849.33
Mubarok, S., Wicaksono, F.Y., Budiarto, R., Rahmat, B.P.N. and Khoerunnisa, S.A. (2021). Metabolite correlation with antioxidant activity in different fruit maturation stages of Physalis peruviana. Biodiversitas 22, 2743-2749. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220536.
Musyarofah, N., Susanto, S., Aziz, S.A., Suketi, K. and Dadang, (2020). The diversity of ‘kristal’ guava (Psidium guajava) fruit quality in response to different altitudes and cultural practices. Biodiversitas 21, 3310-3316. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210755
Neto, S.E.A., Rocha, C., de Farias, J.F., Minosso, S.C.C. and Ferreira, R.L.F. (2020). Quality of guava fruits bagged with different materials in an organic system. Comunicata Scientiae 11, e3206. DOI: 10.14295/cs.v11i0.3206
Parameswara, Y.S. and Susanto, S. (2019). Perbaikan teknik pembrongsongan melalui aplikasi pestisida untuk meningkatkan kemulusan buah jambu kristal (Psidium guajava L). Buletin Agrohorti 7, 62-68. DOI: 10.29244/agrob.v7i1.24417
Parra-Coronado, A., Fischer, G. and Camacho-Tamayo, J. (2018). Post-harvest quality of pineapple guava [Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret] fruits produced in two locations at different altitudes in Cundinamarca, Colombia. Agronomía Colombiana 36, 68-78. DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v36n1.68577
Rahman, N., Ofika, M., and Said, I. (2015). Analisis kadar vitamin C mangga gadung (Mangifera sp.) dan mangga golek (Mangifera indica L.) berdasarkan tingkat kematangan menggunakan metode iodimetri. Jurnal Akademika Kimia 4, 33-37.
Romalasari, A., Susanto, S., Melati, M. and Junaedi, A. (2017). Improvement fruit quality of guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. crystal by different colors and bagging materials. Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia 8, 155-161.
Sadler, G.D. and Murphy, P.A. (2010). pH and titratable acidity In: “Food Analysis” (Nielsen S.S., ed.). 4th ed. pp 219-238. Springer. New York. USA.
Sarker, D., Rahman, M.M. and Barman, J.C. (2009). Efficacy of different bagging materials for the control of mango fruit fly. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 34, 165-168.
Sharma, R.R., Nagaraja, A., Goswami, A.K., Thakre, M., Kumar, R. and Varghese, E. (2020). Influence of on-the-tree fruit bagging on biotic stresses and postharvest quality of rainy-season crop of ‘Allahabad Safeda’ guava (Psidium guajava L.). Crop Protection 135, 105216. DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2020.105216
Sharma, R.R., Reddy, S.V.R. and Jhalegar, M.J. (2014). Pre-harvest fruit bagging: a useful approach for plant protection and improved post-harvest fruit quality – a review. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 89, 101-113. DOI: 10.1080/14620316.2014.11513055
Solarte, M.E., Melgarejo, L.M., Martínez, O., Hernández, M.S. and Fernández Trujillo, J.P. (2014). Fruit quality during ripening of Colombian guava (Psidium guajava L.) grown at different altitudes. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment 12, 669-675.
Susanto, S., Melati, M. and Aziz, S.A. (2019). Pruning to improve flowering and fruiting of ‘Crystal’ guava. AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science 41, 48-54.
Teixeira, R., Amarante, C.V.T.D., Boff, M.I.C. and Ribeiro, L.G. (2011). Control of insect pests and diseases, maturity and quality of ‘Imperial Gala’ apples submitted to bagging. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 33, 394-401.
Wang, Y.T., Li, X., Li, Y., Li, L.L. and Zhang, S.L. (2011). Effects of bagging on browning spot incidence and content of different forms of calcium in ‘Huangguan’ pear fruits. Acta Horticulturae Shinica 38, 1507-1514
Widyastuti, R.A.D., Hendarto, K., Yanfika, H., Listiana, I., Mutolib, A. and Rahmat, A. (2021a). Effect of local microorganisms (LOM) and growing media on growth of guava (Psidium guajava L.) at nursery stage. Journal of Physics Conference Series 1796, 012091. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1796/1/012091
Widyastuti, R.A.D., Hendarto, K., Rahmat, A., Warganegara, H.A., Listiana, I. and Asmara, S. (2021b). The combination of biofertilizer and organic fertilizer to improve shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) production. Journal of Tropical Crop Science 8, 16-21. DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.8.01.16-21
Widyastuti, R.A.D., Susanto, S., Melati, M. and Kurniawati, A. (2019a). Studies on Flowering and fruiting rhythms of ‘Crystal’ guava (Psidium guajava L.) at three different locations, Indonesia. Ecology, Environment and Conservation 25, 1505-1509.
Widyastuti, R.A.D., Susanto, S., Melati, M. and Kurniawati, A. (2019b). Effect of pruning time on flower regulation of guava (Psidium guajava L). Journal of Physics Conference Series 1155, 012013. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1155/1/012013
Xu, G., Nie, J., Wu, Y., Yan, Z. and Ye, M. (2018). The effects of fruit bagging on residue behavior and dietary risk for four pesticides in apple. Scientific Reports 8, 14348. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32358-6
Budiarto, R., Poerwanto, R., Santosa, E., Efendi, D., and Agusta, A. (2019). Agronomical and physiological characters of kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC) seedling under artificial shading and pruning. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture 31, 222-230. DOI: 10.9755/ejfa.2019.v31.i3.1920
Budiarto, R., Poerwanto, R., Santosa, E., and Efendi, D. (2018). Shoot manipulations improve flushing and flowering of mandarin citrus in Indonesia. Journal of Applied Horticulture 20, 112-118. DOI: 10.37855/jah.2018.v20i02.20
Bagle, B.G. (2011). Studies on varietal reaction, extent of damage and management of anar butterfly, Deudorix (=Virachola) isocrates Fab., in pomegranate. Acta Horticulturae 890, 557-559
Campbell, D., Sarkhosh, A., Brecht, J.K., Gillett-Kaufman, J.L., Liburd, O., Melgar, J. and Treadwell, D. (2021). Bagging organic peaches reduces physical injuries and storage decay with minimal effects on fruit quality. HortScience 56, 52-58. DOI: 10.21273/HORTSCI15391-20.
Debnath, S. and Mitra, S.K. (2008). Panicle bagging for maturity regulation, quality improvement and fruit borer management in litchi (Litchi chinensis). Acta Horticulturae 773, 201-208
Dolkar, D., Bakshi, P., Gupta, M., Wali, V.K., Kumar, R., Hazarika, T.K. and Kher, D. (2017). Biochemical changes in guava (Psidium guajava) fruits during different stages of ripening. Indian Journal of Agricultural Science 87, 257-260
Efendi, D., Budiarto, R., Poerwanto, R., Santosa, S. and Agusta, A. (2021). Relationship among agroclimatic variables, soil and leaves nutrient status with the yield and main composition of kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC) leaves essential oil. Metabolites 11, 1-14. DOI: 10.3390/metabo11050260
Frank, D. (2018). Evaluation of fruit bagging as a pest management option for direct pests of apple. Insects 9, 1-12. DOI: 10.3390/insects9040178
Gull, J., Sulfana, B., Anwar, F., Naseer, R., Ashraf, M. and Ashrafuzzaman, M. (2012). Variation in antioxidant attributes at three ripening stages of guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruit from different geographical regions of Pakistan. Molecules 17, 3165-3180. DOI: 10.3390/molecules17033165
Jain, N., Dhawan, K., Malhotra, S. and Singh, R. (2003) Biochemistry of fruit ripening of guava (Psidium guajava L.): compositional and enzymatic changes. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 58, 309-315. DOI:10.1023/B:QUAL.0000040285.50062.4b
Jing, L., Youhong, C., Zhimei, Y. and Xiaogang, L. (2008). Effects of bagging on the quality of pear fruit and pesticide residues. Acta Horticulturae 772, 315-318.
Kalsum, U., Susanto, S. and Junaedi, A. (2015). Quality improvement of pummelo (Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr.) using leaf-to-fruit ratio arrangement and fruit bagging. American Journal of Plant Physiology 10, 68-76. DOI: 10.3923/ajpp.2015.68.76
Kim, Y.H., Kim, H.H., Youn, C.K., Kweon, S.J., Jung, H.J. and Lee, C.H. (2008). Effects of bagging material on fruit coloration and quality of ‘janghowon hwangdo’ peach. Acta Horticulturae 772, 81-86. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2008.772.9
Ko, Y., Liu, C.W., Chen, S.S., Yao, C.Y., Maruthasalam, S. and Lin, C.H. (2010). First report of downy mildew caused by Pseudoperonospora cubensis on chayote (Sechium edule) in Taiwan. Plant Disease 94, 481-484
Lee, S.K. and Kader, A.A. (2000). Preharvest and postharvest factors influencing vitamin C content of horticultural crops. Postharvest Biology and Technology 20, 207-220. DOI: 10.1016/S0925-5214(00)00133-2
Listiana, I., Mutolib, A., Bursan, R., Yanfika, H., Widyastuti, R.A.D. and Rahmat, A. (2021). Institutional strengthening of farmer group to support sustainable agriculture and food security in Pesawaran regency. Journal of Physics Conference Series 1796, 012028. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1796/1/012028
Macan, A.M., Kraljevic, T.G. and Raic-Malic, S. (2019). Therapeutic perspective of vitamin c and its derivatives. Antioxidants 8, 1-36. DOI: 10.3390/antiox8080247
Morera-Montoya, R., Blanco-Metzler, H. and Luis-Loria, C. (2010). evaluation of different bagging materials for the control of the fruit fly Anastrepha sp. (Diptera:Tephritidae) and fruit pathogens in Taiwanese guava fruits (Psidium guajava L.). Acta Horticulturae 849, 283-292. DOI: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2010.849.33
Mubarok, S., Wicaksono, F.Y., Budiarto, R., Rahmat, B.P.N. and Khoerunnisa, S.A. (2021). Metabolite correlation with antioxidant activity in different fruit maturation stages of Physalis peruviana. Biodiversitas 22, 2743-2749. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d220536.
Musyarofah, N., Susanto, S., Aziz, S.A., Suketi, K. and Dadang, (2020). The diversity of ‘kristal’ guava (Psidium guajava) fruit quality in response to different altitudes and cultural practices. Biodiversitas 21, 3310-3316. DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d210755
Neto, S.E.A., Rocha, C., de Farias, J.F., Minosso, S.C.C. and Ferreira, R.L.F. (2020). Quality of guava fruits bagged with different materials in an organic system. Comunicata Scientiae 11, e3206. DOI: 10.14295/cs.v11i0.3206
Parameswara, Y.S. and Susanto, S. (2019). Perbaikan teknik pembrongsongan melalui aplikasi pestisida untuk meningkatkan kemulusan buah jambu kristal (Psidium guajava L). Buletin Agrohorti 7, 62-68. DOI: 10.29244/agrob.v7i1.24417
Parra-Coronado, A., Fischer, G. and Camacho-Tamayo, J. (2018). Post-harvest quality of pineapple guava [Acca sellowiana (O. Berg) Burret] fruits produced in two locations at different altitudes in Cundinamarca, Colombia. Agronomía Colombiana 36, 68-78. DOI: 10.15446/agron.colomb.v36n1.68577
Rahman, N., Ofika, M., and Said, I. (2015). Analisis kadar vitamin C mangga gadung (Mangifera sp.) dan mangga golek (Mangifera indica L.) berdasarkan tingkat kematangan menggunakan metode iodimetri. Jurnal Akademika Kimia 4, 33-37.
Romalasari, A., Susanto, S., Melati, M. and Junaedi, A. (2017). Improvement fruit quality of guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. crystal by different colors and bagging materials. Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia 8, 155-161.
Sadler, G.D. and Murphy, P.A. (2010). pH and titratable acidity In: “Food Analysis” (Nielsen S.S., ed.). 4th ed. pp 219-238. Springer. New York. USA.
Sarker, D., Rahman, M.M. and Barman, J.C. (2009). Efficacy of different bagging materials for the control of mango fruit fly. Bangladesh Journal of Agricultural Research 34, 165-168.
Sharma, R.R., Nagaraja, A., Goswami, A.K., Thakre, M., Kumar, R. and Varghese, E. (2020). Influence of on-the-tree fruit bagging on biotic stresses and postharvest quality of rainy-season crop of ‘Allahabad Safeda’ guava (Psidium guajava L.). Crop Protection 135, 105216. DOI: 10.1016/j.cropro.2020.105216
Sharma, R.R., Reddy, S.V.R. and Jhalegar, M.J. (2014). Pre-harvest fruit bagging: a useful approach for plant protection and improved post-harvest fruit quality – a review. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology 89, 101-113. DOI: 10.1080/14620316.2014.11513055
Solarte, M.E., Melgarejo, L.M., Martínez, O., Hernández, M.S. and Fernández Trujillo, J.P. (2014). Fruit quality during ripening of Colombian guava (Psidium guajava L.) grown at different altitudes. Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment 12, 669-675.
Susanto, S., Melati, M. and Aziz, S.A. (2019). Pruning to improve flowering and fruiting of ‘Crystal’ guava. AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science 41, 48-54.
Teixeira, R., Amarante, C.V.T.D., Boff, M.I.C. and Ribeiro, L.G. (2011). Control of insect pests and diseases, maturity and quality of ‘Imperial Gala’ apples submitted to bagging. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 33, 394-401.
Wang, Y.T., Li, X., Li, Y., Li, L.L. and Zhang, S.L. (2011). Effects of bagging on browning spot incidence and content of different forms of calcium in ‘Huangguan’ pear fruits. Acta Horticulturae Shinica 38, 1507-1514
Widyastuti, R.A.D., Hendarto, K., Yanfika, H., Listiana, I., Mutolib, A. and Rahmat, A. (2021a). Effect of local microorganisms (LOM) and growing media on growth of guava (Psidium guajava L.) at nursery stage. Journal of Physics Conference Series 1796, 012091. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1796/1/012091
Widyastuti, R.A.D., Hendarto, K., Rahmat, A., Warganegara, H.A., Listiana, I. and Asmara, S. (2021b). The combination of biofertilizer and organic fertilizer to improve shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) production. Journal of Tropical Crop Science 8, 16-21. DOI: 10.29244/jtcs.8.01.16-21
Widyastuti, R.A.D., Susanto, S., Melati, M. and Kurniawati, A. (2019a). Studies on Flowering and fruiting rhythms of ‘Crystal’ guava (Psidium guajava L.) at three different locations, Indonesia. Ecology, Environment and Conservation 25, 1505-1509.
Widyastuti, R.A.D., Susanto, S., Melati, M. and Kurniawati, A. (2019b). Effect of pruning time on flower regulation of guava (Psidium guajava L). Journal of Physics Conference Series 1155, 012013. DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/1155/1/012013
Xu, G., Nie, J., Wu, Y., Yan, Z. and Ye, M. (2018). The effects of fruit bagging on residue behavior and dietary risk for four pesticides in apple. Scientific Reports 8, 14348. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32358-6
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2022-02-09
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Widyastuti, R., Budiarto, R., Hendarto, K., Warganegara, H. A., Listiana, I., Haryanto, Y., & Yanfika, H. (2022). Fruit Quality of Guava (Psidium guajava ‘Kristal’) under Different Fruit Bagging Treatments and Altitudes of Growing Location. Journal of Tropical Crop Science, 9(01), 8–14. https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.9.01.8-14
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