Seed Health, Quality Test, and Control of Seed-borne Fungi of Some Improved and Local Cultivars of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Kano, Northwestern Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.6.03.145-152Keywords:
quality seed, seed germination, vigor index, seed-borne fungi, seed dressing chemicalAbstract
This research was carried out to evaluate the health and quality of rice seed. The germination of seed and presence of rice seed related fungi were recorded and used to evaluate the effect of seed dressing chemicals on germination and vigor index over untreated rice seeds. Seven cultivars commonly grown in Kano, Kano State, Northwestern Nigera “FARO 52” (WITA), “FARO 44” (SIPI), “FARO 60” , (improved varieties), “Kwandala” , “Jamila” , Ex-china, and “JIF” (local varieties) were used in this study. The seed dressing chemicals used were Apron Star 42 WS, Dress Force 42WS and ZEB-Care 80%WP. This study was performed under three main tests, i.e dry inspection, blotter tests, agar plate and microscopic examination. The highest number of healthy seeds (94.16%) was recorded from “JIF” variety and lowest (64.77%) from “Jamila” . The highest number of deformed seeds was observed from variety “FARO 44” whereas the lowest noted on “JIF” . The identified fungi were Fusarium spp., Bipolaris oryzae, Aspergillus flavus, Curvularia lunata, Aspergillus niger, and Nigrospora oryzae., Rhizoctonia spp. and Rhizopus spp. Highest seed infection was recorded for A. flavus, A. niger, and Fusarium spp., and the least with C. lunata and N. oryzae. Treated seeds with Zeb-care (Mancozeb 80% WP), increased their vigor index over untreated by 62.78% and can be recommended as seed dressing chemical for optimun control of rice seed- borne pathogens.
References
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Akter, M. and Hossain, I. (2016). Quality of some hybrid seeds of rice and control of seed-borne fungi in Bangladesh. Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 13, 161-168.
150 Bolanle Tolani Edun, Yahuza Lurwanu, Mustapha Sunusi, Ali A. Sulaiman
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 6 No. 3, October 2019 www.j-tropical-crops.com
Al-Kassim, M. and Monawar, M. (2000). Seed-borne fungi of some vegetable seeds in Gazan province and their chemical control. Saudi. Journal of Biological Science 7, 179-184.
Anselme, C. (1981). The importance in cultivation of pathogenic organisms transmitted by seeds. Seed Science and Technology (Netherlands) 9, 689-695.
Archana, B. and Prakash, H. (2013). Survey of seed- borne fungi associated with rice seeds in India. International Journal of Research in Pure and Applied Microbiology 3, 25-29.
Ashfaq, M., Shaukat, M., Akhter, M., Haider, M., Mubashar, U. and Hussain, S. (2015). Comparison of fungal diversity of local and exotic rice (Oryza sativa L.) Germplasm for their seed health. Journal of Animal and Plant Science, 25, 1349-1357.
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Bhuiyan, A., Khokon, M. and Hossain, I. (2005). "BAU Biofungicide in Controlling Seedling Disease of Winter Vegetables". MS Thesis, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.
Biruma, M., Okori, P., Mudingotto, J., Edema, R., Tusiime, G., Mathur, S. et al. (2003). Seed- borne fungi associated with farmer saved rice seed in Uganda and their effect on germination. Muarik Bulletin 6, 53-58.
Butt, A., Yaseen, S. and Javaid, A. (2011). Seed- borne mycoflora of stored rice grains and its chemical control. Journal of Animal and Plant Science 21, 193-196.
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Fakir, G., Hossain, I., Ahmed, M., Anam, M., Alam, M. and Rahman, M. (2002). Effect of ash, chalk powder and neem leaf on the quality of born rice seed stored in gunny bag, motka, plastic drum and tin. In “Proceeding of Review and Planning Meeting of the Rice Seed Health Improvement Sub-project, BRRI, Gazipur, Bangladesh” pp. 1-37.
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Hossain, M. and Hossain, I. (2012). Effect of seed treatment with different botanicals, Bavistin and BAU Bio-fungicide on germination and seedling vigor of groundnut. Bangladesh Agronomy Journal 16, 87-94.
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Javaid, M., Wahid, A., Idrees, M., Gill, M. and Saleem, A. (2002). Seed mycoflora studies in rice. Pakistan Journalof Phytopathology 14, 132- 134.
Kanobe, C., Kawube, G., Biruma, M., Mudingotto, P., Edema, R., Okori, P. et al. (2004). Seed- borne fungi associated with cowpea and rice seed and their possible control by seed sorting. MUARIK Bulletin 7, 52-58.
Khan, S., Khanzada, A., Nasreen, S. and Aslam, M. (1988). Evaluation of seed health testing techniques for the assessment of seed- borne mycoflora of rice. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research 9, 502-505.
Lamrani, N., Elabdellaoui, F., Touhami, A.O., Benkirane, R. and Douira, A. (2013). Etude de la mycoflore des grains de trois variétés de riz et effet d’Alternaria padwickii (Ganguly) MB Ellis sur les grains pré-germés. Bulletin de l’Institut Scientifique, Rabat, Section Sciences de la Vie 35, 1-7.
Madbouly, A.K., Ibrahim, M.I., Sehab, A.F. and Abdel-Wahhab, M.A. (2012). Co-occurrence of mycoflora, aflatoxins and fumonisins in maize and rice seeds from markets of different districts in Cairo, Egypt. Food Additives and Contaminants: Part B, 5, 112-120.
McGee, D.C. (1995). Epidemiological approach to disease management through seed technology. Annual review of phytopathology, 33, 445-466.
Misra, J., Gergon, E. and Mew, T. (1995). Storage fungi and seed health of rice: a study in the Philippines. Mycopathologia, 131, 13-24.
Nguefack, J., Nguikwie, S., Fotio, D., Dongmo, B., Zollo, P.A., Leth, V. et al. (2007). Fungicidal potential of essential oils and fractions from Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum and Thymus vulgaris to control Alternaria padwickii and Bipolaris oryzae, two seed- borne fungi of rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Journal of Essential Oil Research, 19, 581-587.
Nsemwa, L. and Wolffhechel, H. (1999). Occurrence of seed-borne fungal pathogens in rice seeds from the Southern highlands of Tanzania. African Crop Science Journal 7, 217-222.
Ora, N., Faruq, A., Islam, M., Akhtar, N. and Rahman, M. (2011). Detection and identification of seed borne pathogens from some cultivated hybrid rice varieties in Bangladesh. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 10, 482-488.
Serferbe, S., Tsopmbeng N.G. and Kuiate, J. R. (2016). Seed-Borne Fungi Associated with Rice Seeds Varieties in Bongor, Chad Republic. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 5, 161-170
Seshu, D. and Dadlani, M. (1989). Role of women in seed management with special reference to rice.
Seshu, D., Krishnasamy, V. and Siddique, S. (1988). Seed vigor in rice. Rice seed health. Los Banos, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute, 315-329.
Shultana, R., Hossain, I., Ahmed, S. and Mamun, M. (2009). Efficacy of BAU-Biofungicide in controlling leaf spot of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Eco-friendly Agricultural Journal 2, 392-395.
Suleiman, M. and Omafe, O. (2013). Activity of three medicinal plants on fungi isolated from stored maize seeds (Zea mays L.). Global Journal of Medicinal Plant Research 1, 77-81.
Tsopmbeng, N. and Fomengia, D. (2015). Fungi associated with seeds of huckleberry (Solanum scabrum Mill.) grown in the western highlands of Cameroon. Journal of Agricultural Technology 11, 791-801.
Uddin, M. (2005). The quality of farmers stored rice seed of Begumgonj Upazilla. MS Thesis, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.
Utobo, E., Ogbodo, E. and Nwogbaga, A. (2011). Seedborne mycoflora associated with rice and their influence on growth at Abakaliki, Southeast Agro-Ecology, Nigeria. Libyan Agricultural Research Center Journal International 2, 79- 84.
Ahmed, M., Hossain, M., Hassan, K. and Dash, C.K. (2013). Seed health and quality test of three rice varieties for the detection of fungi associated with seed sample. Universal Journal of Plant Science 1, 37-42.
Akter, M. and Hossain, I. (2016). Quality of some hybrid seeds of rice and control of seed-borne fungi in Bangladesh. Journal of the Bangladesh Agricultural University 13, 161-168.
150 Bolanle Tolani Edun, Yahuza Lurwanu, Mustapha Sunusi, Ali A. Sulaiman
Journal of Tropical Crop Science Vol. 6 No. 3, October 2019 www.j-tropical-crops.com
Al-Kassim, M. and Monawar, M. (2000). Seed-borne fungi of some vegetable seeds in Gazan province and their chemical control. Saudi. Journal of Biological Science 7, 179-184.
Anselme, C. (1981). The importance in cultivation of pathogenic organisms transmitted by seeds. Seed Science and Technology (Netherlands) 9, 689-695.
Archana, B. and Prakash, H. (2013). Survey of seed- borne fungi associated with rice seeds in India. International Journal of Research in Pure and Applied Microbiology 3, 25-29.
Ashfaq, M., Shaukat, M., Akhter, M., Haider, M., Mubashar, U. and Hussain, S. (2015). Comparison of fungal diversity of local and exotic rice (Oryza sativa L.) Germplasm for their seed health. Journal of Animal and Plant Science, 25, 1349-1357.
Barnett, H.L. and Hunter, B.B. (1998). Illustrated Genera of Imperfect Fungi". 218 pp. American Phytopathological Society Press.
Bautista, E. and Opina, O. (1991). Isolation, identification and pathogenicity tests of seedborne fungi associated with cowpea seeds. Pest Management Council of the Philippines, Manila (Philippines), 8-11 May 1991.
Bhuiyan, A., Khokon, M. and Hossain, I. (2005). "BAU Biofungicide in Controlling Seedling Disease of Winter Vegetables". MS Thesis, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.
Biruma, M., Okori, P., Mudingotto, J., Edema, R., Tusiime, G., Mathur, S. et al. (2003). Seed- borne fungi associated with farmer saved rice seed in Uganda and their effect on germination. Muarik Bulletin 6, 53-58.
Butt, A., Yaseen, S. and Javaid, A. (2011). Seed- borne mycoflora of stored rice grains and its chemical control. Journal of Animal and Plant Science 21, 193-196.
Chowdhury, M. (2012). Evaluation of quality status and management Truthfully Labeled Seed (TLS) of rice in Bangladesh. PhD Thesis, Department of Seed Science and Technology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.
Fakir, G., Hossain, I., Ahmed, M., Anam, M., Alam, M. and Rahman, M. (2002). Effect of ash, chalk powder and neem leaf on the quality of born rice seed stored in gunny bag, motka, plastic drum and tin. In “Proceeding of Review and Planning Meeting of the Rice Seed Health Improvement Sub-project, BRRI, Gazipur, Bangladesh” pp. 1-37.
Fakir, G., Hossain, I., Ahmed, M., Doullah, M. and Alam, M. (2002). Aman rice seeds collected before sowing from Bogra, Rajshahi and Rangpur districts of Bangladesh In "Review and Planning Meeting of the Rice Seed Health Improvement (SHIP), PETRRA Project" pp. 17- 18.
FAO (2017). Rice Market Monitor (RMM) http:/www. fao.org/economic/RMM.
Haque, A., Akon, M., Islam, M., Khalequzzaman, K. and Ali, M. (2007). Study of seed health, germination and seedling vigor of farmers produced rice seeds. International Journal of Sustainable Crop Production 2, 34-39.
Hossain, M. and Hossain, I. (2012). Effect of seed treatment with different botanicals, Bavistin and BAU Bio-fungicide on germination and seedling vigor of groundnut. Bangladesh Agronomy Journal 16, 87-94.
Ibiam, O., Umechuruba, C. and Arinze, A. (2006). Seed borne fungi associated with seeds of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in storage and from the field in Ohaozara and Onicha local government area of Ebony State. World Journal of Biotechnology 7, 1062-1072.
Imolehin, E. (1987). The rice seed multiplication centres in relation to seed borne pathogens of rice. A case study of Ondo State Rice Multiplication Centres. Nigerian Journal of plant Protection 11, 37-42
Islam, M.S., Jahan, Q., Bunnarith, K., Viangkum, S. and Merca, S. (2000). Evaluation of seed health of some rice varieties under different conditions. Botanical Bulletin of Academia Sinica, 41.
ISTA (2001) International Rules for Seed Testing Association. International Seed Testing Association 31: 107-115.
Javaid, M., Wahid, A., Idrees, M., Gill, M. and Saleem, A. (2002). Seed mycoflora studies in rice. Pakistan Journalof Phytopathology 14, 132- 134.
Kanobe, C., Kawube, G., Biruma, M., Mudingotto, P., Edema, R., Okori, P. et al. (2004). Seed- borne fungi associated with cowpea and rice seed and their possible control by seed sorting. MUARIK Bulletin 7, 52-58.
Khan, S., Khanzada, A., Nasreen, S. and Aslam, M. (1988). Evaluation of seed health testing techniques for the assessment of seed- borne mycoflora of rice. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research 9, 502-505.
Lamrani, N., Elabdellaoui, F., Touhami, A.O., Benkirane, R. and Douira, A. (2013). Etude de la mycoflore des grains de trois variétés de riz et effet d’Alternaria padwickii (Ganguly) MB Ellis sur les grains pré-germés. Bulletin de l’Institut Scientifique, Rabat, Section Sciences de la Vie 35, 1-7.
Madbouly, A.K., Ibrahim, M.I., Sehab, A.F. and Abdel-Wahhab, M.A. (2012). Co-occurrence of mycoflora, aflatoxins and fumonisins in maize and rice seeds from markets of different districts in Cairo, Egypt. Food Additives and Contaminants: Part B, 5, 112-120.
McGee, D.C. (1995). Epidemiological approach to disease management through seed technology. Annual review of phytopathology, 33, 445-466.
Misra, J., Gergon, E. and Mew, T. (1995). Storage fungi and seed health of rice: a study in the Philippines. Mycopathologia, 131, 13-24.
Nguefack, J., Nguikwie, S., Fotio, D., Dongmo, B., Zollo, P.A., Leth, V. et al. (2007). Fungicidal potential of essential oils and fractions from Cymbopogon citratus, Ocimum gratissimum and Thymus vulgaris to control Alternaria padwickii and Bipolaris oryzae, two seed- borne fungi of rice (Oryza Sativa L.) Journal of Essential Oil Research, 19, 581-587.
Nsemwa, L. and Wolffhechel, H. (1999). Occurrence of seed-borne fungal pathogens in rice seeds from the Southern highlands of Tanzania. African Crop Science Journal 7, 217-222.
Ora, N., Faruq, A., Islam, M., Akhtar, N. and Rahman, M. (2011). Detection and identification of seed borne pathogens from some cultivated hybrid rice varieties in Bangladesh. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 10, 482-488.
Serferbe, S., Tsopmbeng N.G. and Kuiate, J. R. (2016). Seed-Borne Fungi Associated with Rice Seeds Varieties in Bongor, Chad Republic. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 5, 161-170
Seshu, D. and Dadlani, M. (1989). Role of women in seed management with special reference to rice.
Seshu, D., Krishnasamy, V. and Siddique, S. (1988). Seed vigor in rice. Rice seed health. Los Banos, Philippines: International Rice Research Institute, 315-329.
Shultana, R., Hossain, I., Ahmed, S. and Mamun, M. (2009). Efficacy of BAU-Biofungicide in controlling leaf spot of wheat (Triticum aestivum). Eco-friendly Agricultural Journal 2, 392-395.
Suleiman, M. and Omafe, O. (2013). Activity of three medicinal plants on fungi isolated from stored maize seeds (Zea mays L.). Global Journal of Medicinal Plant Research 1, 77-81.
Tsopmbeng, N. and Fomengia, D. (2015). Fungi associated with seeds of huckleberry (Solanum scabrum Mill.) grown in the western highlands of Cameroon. Journal of Agricultural Technology 11, 791-801.
Uddin, M. (2005). The quality of farmers stored rice seed of Begumgonj Upazilla. MS Thesis, Department of Plant Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh.
Utobo, E., Ogbodo, E. and Nwogbaga, A. (2011). Seedborne mycoflora associated with rice and their influence on growth at Abakaliki, Southeast Agro-Ecology, Nigeria. Libyan Agricultural Research Center Journal International 2, 79- 84.
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2019-10-24
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Edun, B. T., Lurwanu, Y., Sunusi, M., & Sulaiman, A. A. (2019). Seed Health, Quality Test, and Control of Seed-borne Fungi of Some Improved and Local Cultivars of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Kano, Northwestern Nigeria. Journal of Tropical Crop Science, 6(03), 145–152. https://doi.org/10.29244/jtcs.6.03.145-152
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